Differences between Fermentation and Cellular Respiration
August 20, 2023 
written by Sidra Batool
written by Sidra BatoolFermentation is an anaerobic process with limited ATP production, that yields varied end products like alcohol or lactic acid, while cellular respiration is an aerobic process occurring in mitochondria, producing high ATP, CO2, and water.
Fermentation vs Cellular Respiration
Here are the main Differences between Fermentation and Cellular Respiration:
| Aspect | Fermentation | Cellular Respiration |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Anaerobic process, partial breakdown of organic compounds | Aerobic process, complete breakdown of organic compounds |
| Oxygen Requirement | No (Anaerobic) | Yes (Aerobic) |
| End Products | Varies (alcohol, lactic acid, CO2) | CO2 and water |
| Energy Yield | Low | High |
| Location | Cytoplasm or mitochondria | Mitochondria |
| ATP Production | Limited ATP production (2 ATP per glucose) | High ATP production (up to 36-38 ATP per glucose) |
| Microorganisms | Yeasts, bacteria in some cases | Occurs in all eukaryotic cells |
| Importance | Food production (e.g., bread, yogurt) | Energy production in cells |
| Efficiency | Less efficient in terms of energy yield | More efficient, produces more ATP |
| Oxygen Availability | Occurs when oxygen is scarce or absent | Requires oxygen for optimal functioning |
| Examples | Making bread, beer, yogurt, sauerkraut | Fundamental process in all organisms |
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