Difference Between Embryo Sac and Endosperm

Key Difference

The embryo sac and endosperm are crucial structures in plant reproduction, but they serve different functions in the seed development process. The embryo sac, also known as the female gametophyte, is the structure within the ovule of flowering plants where fertilization occurs and which subsequently develops into the seed embryo.

The endosperm, on the other hand, is a nutritive tissue that forms as a result of the fertilization process and provides nourishment to the developing embryo.

Comparative Analysis

1. Formation and Development:
   • Embryo Sac: Develops within the ovule and houses the egg cell.
   • Endosperm: Formed after fertilization, typically from the fusion of a sperm cell with two polar nuclei.
2. Role in Reproduction:
   • Embryo Sac: Site of fertilization and embryo development.
   • Endosperm: Provides nutrients to the growing embryo.
3. Genetic Makeup:
   • Embryo Sac: Contains the genetic material of the mother plant.
   • Endosperm: Triploid tissue (in most plants), combining genetic material from both parents.
4. Location in Seed:
   • Embryo Sac: Located within the ovule.
   • Endosperm: Surrounds the embryo in the seed.
5. Contribution to Seed Structure:
   • Embryo Sac: Develops into the seed embryo.
   • Endosperm: Often constitutes a significant portion of the mature seed, such as the white part of a corn kernel.

Table Summary

Feature	Embryo Sac	Endosperm
Formation	Within ovule	After fertilization
Role	Fertilization and embryo development	Nutrient provision to embryo
Genetics	Mother plant’s genetic material	Combination from both parents
Location	Inside ovule	Around embryo in seed
Seed Contribution	Becomes the seed embryo	Major part of seed structure

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Difference Between Carpel and Pistil