10 Examples of Genes

Genes are the fundamental units of heredity that carry genetic information and determine various traits in organisms. These segments of DNA contain instructions for the synthesis of proteins and other functional molecules.

Examples of Genes

In this article, we will explore 10 examples of genes, each with its distinct role and impact on an organism’s characteristics:

1: BRCA1  

The BRCA1 gene is known for its role in DNA repair. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers. It plays a critical role in maintaining genomic stability.

2: TP53 (p53)  

TP53 is an example of a gene that is often referred to as p53, and is a tumor suppressor gene. It regulates cell division and prevents the formation of cancerous cells. Mutations in p53 are linked to various cancers.

3: CFTR  

The CFTR gene encodes a protein involved in ion transport in cells. Mutations in this gene lead to cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder affecting the respiratory and digestive systems.

4: INS  

INS is the gene responsible for producing insulin, a hormone crucial for regulating blood sugar levels. Mutations in this gene can lead to diabetes mellitus.

5: HBB  

The HBB gene codes for hemoglobin, a protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. Mutations in this gene can lead to conditions like sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia.

6: FOXP2  

FOXP2 is a gene associated with language development. Mutations in this gene can result in speech and language disorders.

7: ALDH2  

The ALDH2 gene codes for an enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism. Certain mutations in this gene can lead to alcohol intolerance and flushing when consuming alcohol.

8: ACTN3

ACTN3 encodes a protein found in fast-twitch muscle fibers. Variations in this gene can influence an individual’s athletic performance and muscle fiber composition.

9: HER2 (ERBB2)  

HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2) is a gene associated with breast cancer. Amplification or overexpression of this gene is a marker for more aggressive forms of breast cancer.

10: SCN5A  

SCN5A codes for a sodium channel protein critical for the normal functioning of the heart. Mutations in this gene can lead to various cardiac arrhythmias.